Diabetes is a chronic condition that affects millions of people worldwide. According to diabetes.org, 1.2 million Americans are diagnosed each year; 97.6 million American adults are living with pre-diabetes, and over 38 million Americans are currently affected. While many are aware of the impact diabetes has on blood sugar levels, few realize that it can also significantly affect oral health. If blood sugar isn’t well managed, oral health problems are more likely to develop. This is because unmanaged diabetes weakens white blood cells, which are the body’s main defense against bacterial infections that can occur in the mouth.1
But don’t let that smile fade because there’s plenty you can do to help prevent gum disease and other infections in your mouth. You can reduce your risk by managing your diabetes and your oral health by getting regular checkups with a dentist or periodontist. So, let’s explore the relationship between diabetes and oral health, the impact of diabetes on dental issues, and tips for maintaining a healthy mouth.
The Connection Between Diabetes and Oral Health
Diabetes can lead to a range of oral health problems due to its effect on blood sugar levels and the body's ability to fight infections. People with unmanaged diabetes are at a higher risk for:
1. Gum Disease (Periodontal Disease): High blood sugar levels can lead to an increase in plaque and bacteria in the mouth, contributing to gum inflammation and infections. Gum disease can progress from gingivitis (mild gum disease) to periodontitis (more severe form), which can lead to pain, persistent bad breath, chewing difficulties and tooth loss if left untreated. Diabetes can also slow down healing, so it can interfere with treatment of periodontal disease.3
2. Dry Mouth (Xerostomia): Diabetes can cause reduced saliva production, leading to dry mouth. Saliva is essential for neutralizing acids produced by bacteria in the mouth and for washing away food particles. A dry mouth is common in people with diabetes and can increase the risk of cavities and gum disease but could also be the result of aging or medications. Dry mouth can cause soreness, ulcers, infections, and tooth decay. Smoking makes these problems even worse. In addition, diabetes may also cause the level of sugar (glucose) in your saliva to increase. Together, these problems may lead to thrush. 3
3. Thrush (Oral Candidiasis): Individuals with diabetes are more susceptible to fungal infections like thrush, which can cause white patches in the mouth and discomfort. Thrush is just one kind of mouth infection diabetes puts you at risk for. There are others, including other fungal infections.5
4. Delayed Healing: Diabetes can impair the body's healing processes, making it harder for oral wounds to heal. This is particularly concerning for individuals undergoing dental procedures.
5. Taste Alterations: Diabetes can affect taste perception, leading to a decreased ability to enjoy food and maintain a balanced diet.
Signs & Symptoms:
If you have diabetes, be sure to take time to check your mouth regularly for any problems. If you experience any of these symptoms you should schedule a visit to your dentist.
Signs and symptoms of problems from diabetes4:
- Gums that are red, swollen, or bleeding
- Gums that are receding, or pulling away from your teeth
- Loose teeth
- Increasing spaces between your teeth
- Dry mouth, an important sign of diabetes
- Bad breath that doesn’t go away when you brush your teeth
Tips for Maintaining Oral Health with Diabetes
Since people with diabetes are more prone to conditions that might harm their oral health, it’s vital to follow good oral hygiene practices, pay special attention to any changes in your oral health, and to call your dentist and/or doctor immediately if such changes occur. Here are some practical tips for maintaining good oral health:
1. Monitor Blood Sugar Levels: Keeping blood sugar levels within the target range can help reduce the risk of oral health issues. Work closely with your healthcare provider to manage your diabetes effectively.
2. Practice Good Oral Hygiene: Brush your teeth at least twice a day with a soft bristle toothbrush and floss daily to prevent plaque buildup. Consider using an antibacterial mouthwash, and if you wear dentures, remove them and clean them daily.
3. Regular Dental Check-ups: Schedule regular visits (at least twice per year) to the dentist for cleanings and check-ups. Make sure to inform your dentist about your diabetes, as they may need to take extra precautions during treatment.
4. Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water to combat dry mouth. Sugar-free gum or lozenges can also help stimulate saliva production.
5. Healthy Eating Habits: Maintain a well-balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins. Limit sugary foods and beverages that can contribute to tooth decay. If you consume acidic foods, wait at least 30 minutes before brushing to protect any tooth enamel that’s been softened by acid in the food.5
6. Avoid Tobacco Products: Smoking or using tobacco can increase the risk of gum disease and complications in individuals with diabetes. Seek help to quit if needed.
Understanding the connection between diabetes and oral health is crucial for individuals living with this condition. By practicing good oral hygiene, managing blood sugar levels, and maintaining regular dental visits, you can significantly reduce the risk of oral health problems. Remember, your oral health is an integral part of your overall well-being. With awareness, education and support, those with diabetes can take control of their oral health, through prevention, and enjoy a healthy & happy smile for years to come. If you have any concerns regarding your oral health and diabetes, always reach out to your healthcare provider and/or dentist. Take proactive steps today to lead to a healthier tomorrow for both your mouth and overall health!
Empower Yourself: Understanding the Link Between Diabetes & Oral Health Through Our Infographic
For additional reading consider the following resources:
- American Diabetes Association (ADA)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) – Diabetes
- Academy of General Dentistry (AGD)
Resources
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11263-oral-health-problems-and-diabetes
https://diabetes.org/health-wellness/keeping-your-mouth-healthy
https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/diabetes
https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/preventing-problems/gum-disease-dental-problems
https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/diabetes-affects-teeth
diabetes.org